A Principal of a Suburban School and Disadvantaged Students Essay

A Principal of a Suburban develop and Disadvantaged Students - Essay ExampleTeaching is a noble profession which demands a responsible attempt in every aspect of its planning and delivery. It is important that a teacher is aware of his or her ethical responsibility for delivering quality knowledge. In my teaching career with adult ESL learners in..., I realized that for adult learners to hire maximum knowledge from the teaching sessions, their complete psychological involvement in the learning adjoines must be ensured. My experience shows that the exhaustive nature of the subjects that I taught makes the students lose attention in due course. I shew it as a challenge to keep their attention focused on the learning process. So as to face this challenge, I employed an innovative approach by trying to make the learning process enjoyable. I included a number of activities within the teaching methodology which was integrated with the learning objectives. Activities wish games and gr oup activities were tried which made sure that the learners while enjoying the process were more comfortable engaging in the learning process. The activities were given a competitive nature to entertain the students and to maintain their attention. Prizes were given for the winners, which retained their interest.For ample sessions, activities involving physical movements were incorporated. Short icebreakers and warm up activities involving quick movements helped to keep the energy levels maintained. I have instal these very useful as it brings in a cheerful atmosphere in the classroom. However, this activity has the bound that it demands adequate space and facility.

Esterline Technologies and Lean Manufacturing Case Study

Esterline Technologies and lam Manufacturing - Case Study ExampleTier-1 supplier status puts the business organization into a more beneficial situation, which gives it a higher bargaining leverage. On the other hand, it also highlights the companys current performance. Cremin notes that, Tier-1 status means that you female genitalia delay the next biggest thing you can be trusted, youre reliable, and you have financial strength. turn tail manufacturing has been instrumental in the deployment and success of the strategy. Esterline recognizes that lean manufacturing is a system which helps it achieve its manufacturing goals of lower cost, improve quality, and build competitive barriers to entry.3. What atomic number 18 the discover components of a lean system and how do they compare with components of traditional systems As you prepare your answers distribute dimensions such as supply orbit management, deal architecture (layout), metrics, material flow discipline, armoury man agement, key performance metrics, use of IT, employee involvement, quality systems, equipment maintenance, scheduling, links between product design and manufacturing, and other factors that set to mind.Lean system is a quest in maximizing the efficiency done the elimination of wastage in the manufacturing process in a business organization. ... supply chain management, process architecture (layout), metrics, material flow discipline, inventory management, key performance metrics, use of IT, employee involvement, quality systems, equipment maintenance, scheduling, links between product design and manufacturing, and other factors that come to mind. Lean system is a quest in maximizing the efficiency through the elimination of wastage in the manufacturing process in a business organization. The key components of a lean system are often in contrast in a lean manufacturing system.In a lean system, supply chain management is very much important as the flow of goods within the organizat ion is highly organized. tight fitting collaboration with suppliers through the use of IT is emphasized in a lean system. In a traditional system, this is not practiced.In a lean system, plant and equipment layout is by product flow using cels or lines for product families. In traditional system, plant and equipment layout is by department function.Inventory levels and turnaround are nigh monitored in a lean system where inventory levels are kept as low as possible while turnaround is high. The contrast is applicable to traditional system.In a traditional system, employee stimulant into how operation is performed is low. In a lean system, employee empowerment is high as they are given the business for identifying and implementing improvements.In the traditional system, there is no flexibility in the manufacturing schedule as manufacturing is difficult to handle and hard to adjust. Traditionally, production schedules are based on forecast. In the lean system, production is schedu led by customer orders which mean that product is pulled through the facility.In a traditional manufacturing system, quality is assured through lot

The History of the World in Six Glasses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The History of the World in Six Glasses - Essay Example grind workers had to function like parts in a well-oiled machine, and tea was the lubricant that kept the factories running smoothly. (p.200) Tea-break or tea-time became part of the sports activities and entertainment programs. Solid trade connections were established with the tea-producing countries like India and China, by some of the western countries, freehanded amongst them was UK. The author has linked the thirst of the human throat to the thirst for material progress. He has unveiled the hush-hush agenda behind these fuddles that have taken the commercial world by storm When one makes an analysis, what each factors contributed to the concept of world is one family, tea will be one of the top-contenders.The prime necessity to do away with thirst needs no elaboration, appreciation, or explanation. Many thousands of years ago humans made their dwelling house near the rivers and lakes, precisely for his reasonto get a dequate fresh water Drinks shaped human account and growth and continue to have impact on the modern civilization. Tea, soon after it was introduced in UK, became a global drink But there was always a storm in the cup of tea ofthe imperialists. The British people saw great potential in the tea trade, and exploited the business prospect to the maximum extent. Tea drinking is not the cause, but the consequences of the distresses of the poor. The drink of queens had also become the drink of last resort Tea had reached around the world from the worlds oldest empire and planted itself at the heart of the newest. (p. 196)Tea cures, as well as creates problems for the human constitution and aggravates certain conditions of diseases. Those suffering from neuralgia and blood pressure should not drink tea. If one takes tea on empty stomach, it affects digestion and its consumption at bed-time, causes sleepless nights. It stimulates the nervous system and the urine

Free Movement of Goods Article 34 and 36 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

on the loose(p) Movement of Goods Article 34 and 36 - strive ExampleThe aspect of measures mountain also include the inaction of a defer to stop undercover individuals acts, which prevent the free movement of goods (The College of Law 2012, p200). The ECJ described the expression of quantitative restriction as measures that nitty-gritty to partial or total restraint of, based on the circumstances, exports, imports or goods in transit. There are two laws that apply in this category precisely in this case, the most applicable law is the instantly ban enforced by a instalment State (Spain) on imports from a nonher Member State (The College of Law 2012, p201). Free pork barrel Ltd plans to begin selling its products in Spain have been hampered by the law that requires the deal of sausages produced from humanely reared pigs to be canvas by Spanish Sausage Checkers (SSC). If the sausages are not checked by SSC, the law prohibits its sales in Spain. However, the process of verif ying whether the sausages have those conditions is usually lengthy. Therefore, Free Pork can contest this Spanish law. There is also a law that requires the name of the company not to use words that imply health or fitness. Free Pork can also dispute this law because it restricts the importation of goods and can affect the brand image of the company. The SSC is a form of a licencing system, which correspond to the articles, subjects the import of merchandises to the condition of getting an import licence. Even in situations where the application for an import licence is regarded a mere formality it is a vicenary Restriction. This is because is simply a mechanism in which imports can be restricted. In practice, it is very rare for the Member States laws to result to quantitative restrictions. The ban on exports or imports surrounded by Member States is only found in unusual circumstances (The College of Law 2012, p201). Therefore, failure by Free Pork Ltd to meet the conditions set by the Spanish laws is an outright ban on exporting sausages to this Member State. As stated earlier, the ban only happens in unusual circumstances, and thus, Free Pork can challenge the law because an unusual circumstance lacks, which prohibits it from exporting the goods to Spain. The directive was important in developing a truncated wording of the Article 34 TFEU (Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union) and it continues to offer guidance on the measures that can constitute a breach of Article 34 TFEU prohibitions. Article 2(1) of the directive describes a class of measures (for instance, interior(a) laws) that treat imported goods and domestic goods differently. They are commonly referred to as distinctly applicable measures. Article 3 of the directive describes a class of national laws that apply equally to imported and domestic products. These laws have a restrictive impact and they are commonly referred to as indistinctly applicable (The College of Law 2012, p20 2). Therefore, the directive classifies twain indistinctly and distinctly applicable measures as measures that have an impact equivalent to restrictions on imports. From the statement, it can be stated that a national law can become MEQR (Measures having Equivalent effect to a Quantitative Restriction) regardless of whether it discriminates against imported products or appears to treat them in the same way as domestic products but is in

Research methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research methodology - demonstrate ExampleIt go forth be argued in the following that this is the guiding thread for his reexamination of devotion. His critique of religion, it will be argued is a critique of metaphysics. His aim in the critique is to refute the idea that history is mark by ghostlike progress, and in turn, replace this with a progress defined by a class struggle, and in particular, the material relations surrounding the means of production. Thus, the relationship between his critique of religion and his political economy, is the rehabilitation of spiritual progress with that of the class struggle. Concerning the issue of research methodology, the following analysis will pay on the lookout attention to what is employed by Marx. His approach on this issue, includes textual interpretation. That is, he provides analysis of key texts homogeneous the philosopher, Georg Hegel. Second, his methodology in the following is historical interpretation. In particular, he focuses on economic history besides also social history. The German Ideology is his most decisive criticism of religion. ... Thus, the reformation can be regarded as a change of consciousness that emancipates the individual consciousness from the determination of the consciousness by the church. In turn, this change of consciousness or of thinking, helps to shape and change history itself. By contrast, Marx outlines the material conditions which determine the social relations manifest in any given culture, and further, these material conditions are the cause of forms of consciousness. Consciousness in this sand, includes also the various forms of belief systems which religion consists of. He describes the priority of material conditions against consciousness as a determinant for human behavior and of politics, therefore, in the following Men distinguish themselves by consciousness, by religion or anything else you like . . . they . . . distinguish themselves from animals as soon as they begin to produce their means of subsistence . . . by producing their means of subsistence men are indirectly producing their actual material life Marx, 1997 341. Marxs critique of Hegel is central to his critique of religion. It will therefore require some analysis to demonstrate Marxs materialistic interpretation of history over and against Hegels spiritual reading of history. Marx views Hegels philosophy, along with religion, as essentially a mystical position Marx, 1970, p. 27. By mystical, it is implied in terms of an argument which is beyond the bounds of reason, and by reason, it is implied in the material or forcible sense of the term. Or, it is implied in terms of something which can be verified empirically or through sense experience. In other words, and in keeping with what was said above, it can be said that the person which Hegel is describing is

Ted Bundy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ted Bundy - Research Paper ExampleMost of those that free rein out as wrap upers and serial publication killers have underlying traits that atomic number 18 beyond the rapport created. While it is non definitive pointer to a killer, extreme anti- cordial behaviour has been a classical indicator of the same (Crime Library, n.d). In line with this, it is critical that those that develop socially at a low pace are non subjected to unfair treatment, but those that fall from being highly sociable to isolation should warrant help. Potential serial killers also tend to develop voyeurism with the intention of dominating another being. In view of exerting dominance, most potential difference serial killers tend to harm animals such as cats, dogs, among others for the thrill of it. The above coupled with psychopathic tendencies are early indicators of serial killer traits. Such traits are coated by charm in an parturiency to mask their identity, which also works to lure victims. Ted Bun dy was no different presenting with changes in his social behaviour that was decline by a depressive disorder. Born in 1946, Theodore Robert Cowell confessed to numerous homicides around the country before his execution. He abducted his victims who were for the most part young women and girls before raping and killing them in cold blood. Known best by the alias Ted Bundy, he left a trail of bodies during his active years of the 70s. Ted a normal childhood, being brought up by his grandparents alongside his mother, who he believed was his sister. However, as a teenager Ted isolated himself from his peers stating that he did not understand social behaviour among teenagers (Criminal Minds, n.d). He studied psychology and Asian studies in college and worked various jobs at the time. It is during this period that he met Ann Rule, who would later write a definitive biography on Ted (Rule, 2012). Teds social challenges became evident by and by relationship breakup where his partner clai med lack of ambition and immaturity as her reasons. Consequently, he was depressed and income tax return to his hometown after dropping out of school. Which searching through public records, Ted discovered his parentage an aspect that had a profound effect in his life. His personality underwent a fundamental shift from a reserved and jump person to a more focussed, social and dominant one. It was during this period that he became a campaign bus for Nelson Rockefeller in his bid for the presidency. Moreover, Bundy enrolled as a psychology major in Washington and built a strong relationship with his professors and peers. Over the years, he also enrolled in the University of Utah in the school of constabulary amid recommendation from his employer, Evan Davis and several professors. However, the newfound character was short-lived as he began skipping classes and keeping to himself. There is no consensus as to when Ted began his reign of terror as he refused to divulge information on his earliest crimes. This is overly confessing to later killings where he provided detailed specifics of the crimes. In addition, different versions of the crime stories were told to different people indicating involvement in the murder of several people in the early 1970s. Nevertheless, it is agreeable that Teds first attempted murder was in 1974 after he bludgeoned his sleeping victim before sexually assaulting her. Despite surviving the attack, she suffered long-lasting brain damage and was not much of help in identifying the attacker (Greene and Heilbrun, 2011). The months that followed saw the disappearance of

Dominos Pizza Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Dominos pizza pie - Essay ExampleMoreover, the confederation performance is seen in the settle of industry comparison as well. turn out analysis and vertical analysis are done to compare companys performance with its modest year 2008 and calculating indexes based on it. Various trends are observed and interpreted in light of markets performance. Moreover, vertical analysis sheds light on companys key gloss accounts in relation to the base title. Positive and negative trends are identified and analyzed to provide minute insight.Ratio analysis is done in detail to provide insight about companys profitability, liquidity, capital structure, market performance and asset efficiency to help investors, creditors and management make decisions about the companys future. BackgroundDominos Pizza, Inc. (Dominos) was founded by two siblings from Michigan in 1960, where they acquired a ancestry name DomiNicks. It started as a product and after five years transmitted into a stigmatise named Dominos. . It operates as a pizza delivery company in the United States and internationally as well. Dominos has always seen itself as a growing organization which was evident by the scoff to become international. In 1983, it went global and took a ride to become the leading pizza maker in the world. Dominos employs around 10,900 people in their 9,351 stores worldwide. Dominos is recognized internationally and in order to provide a common man to be a shareholder in the cheer Dominos provide, it got listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) as DPZ in 2004. Dominos operate in a highly competitive market and to maintain its brand equity, continuous intromission and promotional activities assist heavily in reaching its objectives in adequate time. Domino

The importance of GDP indicator for assessing the effectiveness of the Essay

The importance of gross domestic product indicator for assessing the effectiveness of the economic policies - probe ExampleThis essay provides critical analysis of the usage of GDP indicator in the role of accredited criterion of estimation of economic policies of a government. It is argued, that the improvement of GDP per capita is useful for measuring the performance of the society.GDP is flip overed as an authoritative indicator for determining the progress of the economy. The governments of the world regarded it as one of the statistical stopcock which can determine whether the economy is progressing or deteriorating. It is an economic index of the entire economic output of the orbit. It establishes kinship among many other things which includes the shipments of the manufacturers, construction spending, farmers harvest and retail sales. It is a figure that converts the national economy into a single data by surpassing the density. The conventional approach of GDP explains t hat more it grows, the better the country or the citizens of the country are performing. But it is creating a problem in its implementation in the new-fangled years since the economist observed that it provides misleading and inaccurate gauge of prosperity.Increasing GDP is considered as an important objective of the economic policy of the nation but it cannot be considered as the ultimate objective because it has to consider various other indicators for determining the growth and development of the economy. There are various advantages or benefits provided by using GDP as an indicator in determining the health or performance of the nation.

The Step Pyramid of King Zjoser Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Step pyramid of King Zjoser - Essay ExampleFrom this essay The Step Pyramid of King Zjoser it is clear, that Egypt is bordered by the Red Sea and Israel on the east side. (1) The country is divided into deuce extreme arid regions, The North-West flowing Nile River. The Nile starts 110 miles (162 km.) south of the Mediterranean and fans out to a sea front of 155 miles between the cities of Alexandria and Port Said. The antediluvian Egypt was divided into two major parts, first was saturnine belt down, and another was red land.The scurrilous land was situated on the bank of the river Nile and it was very fertile land. The land was used for growing crops. This was the only land in Egypt which was formed due to a layer of rich, black silt, deposited there every year after the flood of the Nile. The Red Land was a barren cast off that protected Egypt from its neighboring countries and invading armies. This region provided precious metals and semi-precious stones to Egyptians. Th e major responsible factor for flourishing the ancient Egyptian civilization is the river Nile. It is the gift given by God to the Egyptian people. It is hardly possible to deliberate Egyptian civilization without the river Nile. (2) The river Nile is the longest river in the world which is over 4000 miles long. The shape of Nile is like that of a lotus flower and it is always depicted in ancient Egyptian art. The river Nile has been playing a very crucial role in developing the Egyptian civilization. The Nile River plays very important role in giving food, piss to the people.

Business Planning and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Planning and Development - look for ExampleHorlicks is regarded as one of the leading health food alcohol addictions all over the world. Brothers namely mob and William Horlick of England were the co-inventor of Horlicks. In the year 1873, James and William had established a business to manufacture their own brand of infant food. After 10 years, both the brothers gained patent for their caller-out as a dried milk. From the year 1887, the company food marketed its offerings by the name of malted milk. Malted milk had become very popular at that time because it was mixed up with ice cream. Horlicks contains a massive range of vitamins and min erals. It keeps nervous systems healthy. It gives energy to people. Horlicks was the start-off launched product that is use to increase the nutrition of infants. Horlicks was used in London as hot protein drink when the Olympic Games were held in the year 1948. At that time, Horlicks was very popular because it provided required en ergy to the players. Consequently, it is comprehended that since the era of World War II, Horlicks has been marketed as an energy boosting health drink to facilitate its reach amid a wider member of target audience from infants to sports persons. At present, GlaxoSmithKline is the manufacturer of Horlicks in the regions such as the United Kingdom, India, Bangladesh and South Africa among others (Horlicks, 2011). A PEST Analysis to Discuss the Effect of Recent Events on the Modern Communication Efforts of Horlicks It can be apparently stated that the political, economic, social and technological factors significantly affect the marketing colloquy activities performed by a company. Any kind of changes in events can cause major strategic changes for a brand to market its product. A brand might require altering its pricing and promotional strategies in keeping with changes in economic condition of a nation. Similarly, in case of Horlicks as well these factors have had a colossal infl uence. Political Environment Political influence can originate for a product from diverse sources which in turn can affect a brands marketing and operational strategies. In semblance to Horlicks, it is determined that political factors such as government polices related to food safety can constrain a significant impact on it progression (Jordan, 1998). In this regard, it is observed that the advertising standards authority (ASA) in the United Kingdom had in recent times objected the commercial tagline used by Horlicks i.e. Taller, Stronger, Sharper. Horlicks has used this tagline in countries such as India as well to provide a commercial direction to its offerings. In addition, Horlicks has utilised the aspect of exam fear prevailing amid children to create a niche market for its a majority of variety of products. However, such an approach is viewed as an attempt to cash in on the target consumers fear, insecurity and anxiety (Shukla, 2012). Thus, governing authority in countries such as the UK have clamped cut back on this kind of promotional endeavour, which in turn can influence Horlickss marketing communication efforts. Economic Environment The UK economy has changed from the year 1970. Since that period, there has been a steady rise in the level of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which has

Czech Political Parties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Czech Political Parties - move ExampleThe upper house, or Senate, elects members every two years for six-year terms (81 total) the lower house, or sleeping accommodation of Deputies, has 200 members who are elected for four-year terms. The political parties often join together in coalitions to form a majority or other bloc of votes in the government. Five parties have 10 or more(prenominal) representatives in the Chamber of Deputies one deputy is an independent (Czechcentrum.cz). More parties hold seats in the Senate, that only two hold more than 10 seats, the Civic elective companionship (ODS) and the Coalition of four (tykoalice), a coalition of four smaller political parties.The countrys oldest political party is the Czech Social Democratic Party (CSSD), formed in 1878 under the old Austro-Hungarian Empire. According to the official Czech government website, the CSSD helped in the formation of Czechoslovakia after WWI and merged with the Communist Party in 1948. It favors a social market miserliness but has also led the drive to privatize former state-owned industries, including the countrys large telecommunications system. It is considered left-of-center. The CSSD is most popular with travail voters in industrial centers, trade union members and public service employees. It is similar to the Social Democratic Party in Germany and the British Labour Party and strongly in favor of the European Union, which the country linked in 2004.

Risk Management in Facilities Management Dissertation

Risk Management in Facilities Management - Dissertation ExampleIn the end research ethics is given followed by the conclusion of the chapter. Background Facilities management is a playing field or profession that implys a number of disciplines in order to guarantee the proper functionality of the environs that is world built through incorporating a mix of people, process, place and technology (David, 2006). Facilities as the name suggests can include properties, buildings and other infrastructure. In the industry of deftness management, facility is defined as a built environment (Booty, 2009). As mentioned in the beginning, facility managements main objective is to manage the effective and economic operation of the said built environment (David, 2006). In tot upition to this, facilities management also covers the argonas of delivering services that add to the profitability and productivity of the personnel who are using any facility cut down costs connect to operational life cycle and looking after the maintenance and security of facility for high cleverness in operation (David, 2006). Facility managers are the people responsible for the management of facilities. These managers can be work on business levels such as top management level where strategic planning and stopping point making takes place or at managerial or operational level where technical issues are being handled (Booty, 2009). During the 1980s, the facilities management industry started to grow due to the expansion of business globally which during that era primarily included outsourcing of management and maintenance of the business facilities by enterprises (David, 2006). The effect of facilities management today not provided on one country but on global basis is large because of the rapid yield and diversification in different industries (David, 2006). For instance, in Australia, the number of full-time employees amount up to 200,000 contributing to annual GDP turnover of more th an AUD$20 billion making Australia as one of the largest business sectors (Booty, 2009). piece the growth of facilities management industry is impressive, it is not without gamble. This is where risk management comes in. Over the decade, a lot of vehemence has been given on risk management especially in the field of facilities management (Booty, 2009). It is based on two objectives to identify risks associated with facilities management and to reduce or eliminate those risks (Booty, 2009). It is therefore important for any facility manager to implement a risk management program in the built environment in order to save money on the costs, reduce obligations and insurance, operate a safe facility etc (David, 2006). This phenomenon has increase the richness of risk management in facilities management. Therefore, this research will explore this phenomenon in the topic of facilities risk management. Problem Statement Facilities management has become a vital factor for the effective operation of organizations in either public sector or private sector. This has put the role of facilities managers in high importance for the realization of organization objectives in terms of daily operating functions (Booty, 2009). Because facilities management involves the effective and efficient maintenance of operating facilities, it has given rise to many risks that are part of the daily work environment. To identify these risks and reducing them is a big challenge that facilities manage

Report on TETRA Technology in 5 Questions Essay

Report on TETRA Technology in 5 Questions - Essay Example(Dunlop, Girma and Irvine, 1999 ET Industries, n.d.) TETRA offers the automatic operation and frequency efficiency of trunking combined with the terminal self-direction of a conventional PMR1. TETRA has a multi-mode capability by combining these two modes, trunking and direct (conventional), into a whiz terminal equipment, and it also provides the standardised way of inter-working between these two modes. (Net Resources International, 2011) TETRA is thus designed to provide bandwidth-on-demand by which a variable quantity of bandwidth can be allocated for the call duration as per the application conditions set. TETRA functions by dint of reference points and functional configurations, and flexibility of standards is maintained inside the network purlieu. (Dunlop, Girma and Irvine, 1999) TETRA has wide spectrum utilities and it is perhaps best suit to establish critical mobile radio networks capable to handle emergencies. W ho subprogram it and why is it used? The proficient specifications provided by TETRA atomic number 18 actually guided by a comprehensive set of end exploiter necessities. As a result most of the potential exploiter groups of this network technology have been set from the inception of the standard. Communication features such as group call, Direct Mode Operation, and numerous emergency-oriented supplementary service are all driven by end user demands during the standardisation process. (Dunlop, Girma and Irvine, 1999) In such a state of affair, TETRA has scope for both the individual users and a wide variety of user groups. TETRA user groups are described down the stairs Table 1 TETRA User Groups Source Dunlop, Girma and Irvine, 1999, p. 162 Inclusion of so many user groups in the TETRA networking realm proves that TETRA is extremely useful, flexible and dynamic. The main reason of popularity and diverse usability of TETRA is its multiple application support. TETRA supports p oint-to-point and point-to-multipoint communication theory both through the TETRA infrastructure and by use of direct mode without infrastructure. (Net Resources International, 2011) To this extent TETRA can use applications like Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) too. For non-voice applications, the major application types of TETRA are video and multimedia application and data-oriented application. Moreover, it is interoperable with GSM, CDMA, UMTS, etc. network architectures. (Plans, Paradells and Gomez, 2006) What are the TETRA components systems? Most system descriptions are based on a conceptual representation of functional configurations and reference points, which is a widely adopted methodology of describing the interconnections of components inwardly a network system. (Dunlop, Girma and Irvine, 1999, p. 161) Using this approach, it becomes essential to understand the interfaces in the TETRA standard. These interfaces through which TETRA components systems inter-communica te are described below Figure 1 Interfaces in the TETRA Standard Source Bekkers, 2001, p. 382 Moreover, the standards for TETRA are related only with the peripheral environment of a TETRA system, referred to in the standardisation guide as Switching and Management Infrastructure (SwMI). Figure 2 Functional Network Configuration of a TETRA SwMI Dunlop, Girma and Irvine, 1999, p. 164 With the help of the above network configuration diagram, we can abide by out six principle TETRA

Qunatitative Decisions in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Qunatitative Decisions in Business - Essay ExampleAll of these topics be related to quantitative decisions in business.Plan. Problems ar the groundwork of modeling that is why understanding and identifying problems are necessary earlier commencing with a plan. If problems are already at hand, then relevant data should also be gathered together. These two elements are needed in the formulation of spreadsheets model and in doing some calculations by hand. This initial calculation willing give a background of results to be followed by second hand calculations for a checking of results, and finally the sketching of spreadsheets layout before entering the various elements.Build. After the planning stage is the building of spreadsheet model, wherein the sketch layout is moved into the new worksheet in Excel for finalization. Always start with a small version and thoroughly examined the model if the logic are working accurately before expanding to a full-scale model.Test. The manageabl e version of the model is being well-tried to determine the accuracy of results. If ever there are major problems along the way like the broad of unexpected results or the changing of values, all of these can be easily corrected because of the models manageable size.Build. The process of building and testing often moves back and forth especially if errors occur several(prenominal) times. If the testing of the small version of model verifies accuracy then it is time to build a frequently larger spreadsheet. There could only be a full-scale version of the model if satisfaction has already been attained.Analyze. It is not impossible to encounter problems at the evaluation stage even if the model has been into several tests. At this stage, the results of the tests in the small version and full-scale version are thoroughly examined. This is to make sure that the takings cells give the accurate answers and inadequacies are being revealed. If

LL.M. Transnational Commercial law- Aspects of Insurance Essay

LL.M. Transnational Commercial law- Aspects of Insurance - Essay ExampleHe saidLord Mustill deep reviewed the history of good faith and the need to ensure full disclosure in the case of pan off Atlantic Insurance Co v Pine Top Insurance Co4, where he pointed out that the formulation of insurance policy is largely dependent upon information furnished before the execution of the contract, therefore the variation of information may be addressed only by full disclosure of all applicable information.In Australia, Section 21 of the Insurance Contracts Act of 1984 (Cth) clearly lays out the scope of duty of a party that is purchasing insurance to disclose all the information that may be relevant to an insurer. This would include all information that is necessary for the insurer to make an objective assessment of the situation in prescribe to decide whether or not it is prepared to accept the risk that is involved. In the recent case of McCabe v Royal and Sun Alliance Life Assurance A ustralia Ltd5 1, Mrs McCabe applied for insurance, but her condition was diagnosed only aft(prenominal) she had sent in her preliminary application. But although Ms McCabe was hospitalized subsequently, she did not submit her doctors name to the insurance order not disclose details of her illness and hospitalization. In this case, the Court held that the insurance Company was entitled to avoid the policy because Mrs McCabe had not fully disclosed all the relevant information almost her health which was vital to the insurer in making a determination about insuring her life. While a person seeking insurance is entitled to expect that an insurance Company will conduct its deliver independent analysis in making an assessment about the risk, the person seeking insurance overly has a duty to provide all relevant information and a failure to do so would provide grounds for avoidance of the policy.The nature of non disclosure is also

Different Kinds of Joy Essay Example for Free

Different Kinds of Joy EssayThe pursuit of rapture is a reoccurring theme in numerous novels. In the novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston, what brings rejoicing differs to each character. To the main character Janie, happiness is found in be intimate, but to her grandmother nursemaid, happiness is found in security. At first, Janie does what Nanny wills her to. At the age of 16, Janie marries into security. She is safe, but unhappy. Still yearning for love, Janie runs forward with Mr. Starks. With Starks, Janie is once again safe, but unhappy. Starks then passes away, and Janie exposes her true love, teatime Cake.Through tea Cake Janie re-realizes her ideate of love and abandons Nannys dream of security, she descends into the muck with Tea Cake, learning to love life too. To find happiness, Janie has to step down from her pedestal and into the muck. Hurston efficiently uses this reverse metaphor to convey that happiness comes from mutual love, and tha t this roll in the hay be found anywhere, even from the muck of society. Nannys ideals in life and Janies be different. To take a stand on high ground (p16) is the ideal for Nanny. Nanny wants Janie to marry into security.With security, Janie could be safe from the abuse that her grandmother and mother had experienced. At first, this is what Janie does even though it is not what she wants. She wants to be in love, to be a pear treeany tree in bloom With kissing bees and passeltabile of the beginning of the world (p11). When Janie finds this, she realizes what Nannys dream had done to her. She realizes that her dreams had been pinched it in to into such a little bit of a thing that she could tie her grandmothers neck tight liberal to choke her (p89). With this realization, Janies dream rekindles.She realizes that mutual love, him loving her, and her wants (wanting) to want him, is all she needs to find love in life and herself. Janies search for love ends with Tea Cake. Janie a nd Tea Cake are at opposite ends of the social spectrum when they meet. Janie is known as Mrs. Mayor Starks, while Tea Cake is known as a player. Even though Tea Cake can offer her no security, he can offer her love and acceptance. When first meeting, Tea Cake asks Janie to play checkers. Janie found (finds) herself glowing inside. Somebody precious (wants) her to play.Somebody thought (finds) it natural for her to play (p96). Tea Cake sees Janie as woman, not a award wife. And because of this, Janie sees Tea Cake as a lover, not a lowlife. Once Janie is able to love Tea Cake, she learns to love the muck as well. Janie calls, if people think de same they can make it all right. So in the beginnin new thoughts had tuh be thought, and new words said (p115). Janie has to experience new things with Tea Cake, uniform the muck, in order to love and understand him even more. Once she accepts the muck, she becomes a part of it. Sometimes Janie would think of the old days in the big white house and the store and laugh to herself (p134).This is because like Tea Cake, the muck accepts her. Only here, she could listen and laugh and even talk sometimes herself if she wanted to (p134). Being in the muck is like being in love, except with place, and eventually with life. Even though the muck has no riches and is the lowest aspect in society, it doesnt matter to Janie. In the muck, Janie is poor but she is accepted. Janie is loved, and Janie is happy. Janie has a dream of love and happiness, but her grandmother also has a dream of security.At first Nannys dreams overpowered her own, leading Janie into a secure but loveless marriage. Janie then becomes Mrs. Mayor Starks, which Nanny would permit loved, but joy still eludes her. To find this joy, Janie has to find love. Then Tea Cake appears in her life, adequate her one and only. He gives her what she wants, a mutual love. Janie then moves to the muck with Tea Cake and learns to work. She is no long-life Mrs. Mayor Stark s, she is Janie. In the muck, she learns that love is trust and acceptance. She learns to find love in everything, even herself. Janie is now in truth happy. Even in the lowest part of society.

Kate Winslet Essay Example for Free

Kate Winslet EssayThese past few years of highschool have had its ups and downs, alone overall its been amazing. Id like to thank my friends and family for always believing in me. Congratulations to the grads of 2013, see you all in 10 years A discriminating indorser may take fun in rendition The Destructors, over an immature reader. A discriminating reader is a reader that takes deep pleasure in fiction that deals with life signifi understructuretly, expects characters, plot and themes that are complex or realistic and that may altercate his or her beliefs and view of reality. This means that a prejudiced reader would enjoy reading interpretive literature, like The Destructors. The Destructors pass on appeal to a discriminating reader beca put on it deals with life problems and events that have happened, a deeper meaning and the theme and the news report challenges beliefs and views of reality. The Destructors demonstrates life problems and events that have happened in hi story, this intrigues a discriminative reader into wanting to read the book or story.The story shows life problems, where there are gangs that are wanting to make trouble and let let go just have freedoms and not let others or themselves have special treatment. An examples of this is when Old Misery offers thence gang three packages of smarties and the its stood there puzzled and perturbed by this action and tried to explain it away. Bet someone dropped them and he picked em up,. They tried to think of all different reasons why Mr. Thomas would do this and they judge it was a bribe.This would make a discriminative reader keep reading, as the story is also primed(p) time is during the London blitz were bombs destroyed hundreds of house and places. Not only does a discriminative reader become interested by life problems and historical events, but also by the theme and deeper meaning. A discriminative reader, unlike an immature reader, can figure out the deeper meaning or theme of a story easily and doing this keeps them interested. The these is not usually easily present in a story that a discriminative reader would read because they would want to stay interested and try to figure it out as they read it by themselves.The theme of The Destructors is not honour because the war has taken that away from them and replaced it with something the reader can make up and believe. The reader, being discriminative, expects the theme to be complex and realistic, and as the story continues the boys, Blackie and T. , have a conversation about the one thing T. wants to destroy. Well burn them the notes/money, one by one and taking it in turns they held a note upwards and lit the top corner, so that the flame burnt easy towards their fingers. The grey ask floated above them and fell on their heads like age. This makes the readers think the theyre not to be innocence anymore by selfishness and rebelliousness, also the war has aged them by not giving them a childhood. Fro m what has been said, a discriminating reader is able to figure out a deeper meaning by analyzing and expecting or suppose what the theme and meaning of the story is to be. Through doing so, they may challenge their beliefs and view of reality. As a discriminative reader reads a story, along the way they challenge their own beliefs as wellspring as the authors belief. full-length doing this, they could perceive reality differently or challenge how or why reality was done this way.In particular, the discriminative reader may read, Of course I dont hate him Old Misery, I said. Thered be no playing period if I hated him. The last burning note illuminate his brooding face. All this hate and love, he said, its soft, its hooey. Theres only things, Blackie, he looked round the room crowded with unfamiliar shadows of half things, broken things, and former things. A reader may see this and think do I really need this or that and challenge what they believe in and if something is right or wrong, better or worse.Overall, the discriminative reader loos at a story and challenges why they believe or dont believe this and how come reality is this way. Discriminating readers can use many ways to look at a story and analyze it they may take pleasure in to why the story deals with life problems and events in history, also the theme and or deeper meaning, as well as challenging beliefs and reality. The Destructors demonstrates all of these and that is why this story could be appealing to a discriminative reader.

Comparative Commentary Essay Example for Free

Comparative Commentary Essay raise the use made by writers of innocence and/or ignorance, comparing the presentation of such elements and their effects on the individual works you have studied.Ignorance has impeded human progress, impeded human prosperity. This very characteristic has vitiate the beingness with injustice and allowed ignorant ones to abdicate responsibilities. indoors the Greek tragedy Oedipus Rex, and the modern tragedy expiration and the Maiden, Sophocles and Dorfman have focused upon this universal feature to depict a microcosm of the world with the political and social issues stemming from ignorance. The interchange theme of the pursuit of knowledge has been highlighted through employing ignorance as the fundamental trait of the protagonists at heart both plays.A hierarchical society is portrayed within both plays and male protagonists dominate the peak. They have the ultimate advocator and power provides soil for ignorance. The male protagonists are ignorant to accept the truth. In the rendering of Oedipus Rex, Oedipus declares You know me, the world knows my fame, I am Oedipus. The protagonist fully displays his power and ignorance has rooted upon his attitude. The notion of male superiority is in addition embedded within finale and the Maiden. Gerardo has the ultimate power in the household. In fact, he abdicates domestic responsibilities within the household. This is the son of a bitch that gave me a flatIf his wife happened to remember to fix the spare, right?Ignorance has been presented to readers at the exposition of the Greek tragedy Oedipus Rex. It has as well provided the play with the of import conflict. Oedipus murdered Lias at the intersection where three roads meet. The setting is highly symbolic as the father and son may have taken an substitute(a) path. Yet, due to ignorance, they neglected this prospect and the quarrel was resolved by death of the father. Oedipus encrusted his soul with his fathers tran smission line allowing the prophecy to partially unveil. Furthermore, Lias only surviving servant reported that they were attacked by a gang of thieves, ignorant to divulge the truth that Oedipus murdered the entire crew individually. This very lie caused Oedipus to blindly suspect others and ironically curse the murder. You said thieves-I cannot be the killer. One cant equal many. Purely ignorance has formed the basis of the important conflict within Oedipus Rex.Ignorance is also presented as a foremost quality within Oedipus. Through the completion of the play, Oedipus evolves from an impetuous, ignorant tyrant to a man of denial, a man enclosed by darkness, a tragical hero. The potent truth has elicited self-realization within the protagonist. Gradual revelation of truth has caused a gradual eradication of ignorance within Oedipus. He learns to accept his destiny. Ignorance is eliminated at the resolution of the play and the town of Thebes is redeem from sin.Within Death and the Maiden, ignorance is also presented through the portrayal of male power. However, ignorance revolves around both female and male protagonists. It serves as a motif within this play and enhances the central theme of the pursuit of truth. There is a free burning implicit power struggle amongst the couple and Paulina is neglected until she gains power from the gun possession. Even then, Gerardo is reluctant to agnize the truth. Well die from excessive does of truth.Differ to Oedipus Rex, ignorance has a less significant role into forming the basis of the central conflict. In fact, Gerardo and Paulina do not step out of their ignorant character in the end. The handling of Roberto is also left ambiguous despite Paulinas holler to free Roberto. Perhaps this is the effect of the embedded trust-betrayal relationship surrounded by her and her husband as he had an affair while Paulina was tortured by Dr. Miranda. The trust-betrayal relationship allowed Paulina to neglect her promise and the destiny of Roberto is left unanswered at the resolution. Roberto too is ignorant. At the climax of the play, Paulina says But Im not button to kill you because youre guilty, Doctor, but because you havent repented at all. Dr. Mirandas ignorance has triggered the cycle of sin. His ignorance forbid him to repent. Therefore he could not be redeemed or forgiven. His consequences are left unrequited and Dorman depicts a rhetorical resolution. A parallel is drawn to the consequences of the realm when oppressors do not repent. Through employing ignorance within the characters, Dorfman underscores the central theme of pursuit of truth.Within the two plays, Oedipus Rex and Death and the Maiden, the writers use ignorance as a powerful characteristic within the characters. The ways in which this trait is presented, however, is different. Oedipus grows and accepts peck while Roberto refuses sin. Sophocles and Dorfman have depicted a microcosm of reality comprising the social and poli tical problems. Through ignorance, the writers have conveyed to readers that this trait has implanted sin within the society. Physical and spiritual wounds must be healed for human prosperity.

Jeep Grand Cherokee Essay Example for Free

jeep rare Cherokee Essaylandrover cubic yard Cherokee is an American car. This kind of cars is survivors favorite things in VALS types. Survivors live narrowly focused lives. They are accustomed to use their familiar things, cant accept new things quickly. Therefore jeep brand which has more than 70 years history and born for war can satisfy the sense of survivors security. At the same time, survivors are cautious customers. Just in time, the design philosophy of jeep-safety, well-off, power, meet their requirements. jeep brand is their best choice. The price of brand new landrover Grand Cherokee starts from 39,895 dollars, this price level is medium-high.Its expensive, but the price is not higher than Mercedes-Benz SUVs and BMW X5. For this reason jeep Grand Cherokee is not a blue status symbol. However Jeep Grand Cherokee absolutely present a kind of personal character, its a symbol of recalcitrant man. SUVs are trendy because of better vision, more capacious quad. On this basis, Jeep Grand Cherokee obtain better fuel economy by using new V6 engine. Increased back space make it more suitable for family, through the change of interior atmosphere let Jeep Grand Cherokee has become home up.Still powerful cross-country performance and improve highway playability let it hinge on up full of fun. Grand Cherokee try to attract more batch to choose as family car. Hence, if you neediness to have fun with family in weekend, you cant miss this car.Jeep Grand Cherokee is not offbeat no matter on speed or safety, but it can find balance in both. Jeep Grand Cherokee is a domestic car. Its more appropriate survivors who like familiar brand and exalted of owning American car even products.2012 Jeep Grand Cherokee use headline for Youll need to find a different excuse for being late to work. This headline really attract office worker. This press Jeep Grand Cherokee is comfortable and has fun to drive. Comfortable is the other most important reason for choose American car. Grand Cherokee shows this characteristics of the incisively and vividly. The seat not only soft and comfortable, and let any shape people drive this big car can find the most suitable for their own driving posture. Jeep own a pure cross-country blood, this SUV retains its essence and enhance the characteristics of adapting road.This advertising didnt use credit charm and use model. Its just apicture about Grand Cherokee run in snow. This picture foil masculine, at the same time correspond subtitle When you enhance the legendary Jeep brand capability with a Selec-Terrain system, snow doesnt stand a chance. This advertising posted on Reader magazines whose readers have own-opinion.Overall this advertising conveys adventure emotional approach and express its comfortable and has fun with driving. Its impressive and attractive advertising.

The Big Race Essay Example for Free

The Big Race testifyThe character I like best is Mrs. Wakefield because she always support her children . Sheteaches them the good things to do . She gives them a quick loving care everyday . She assure thattheir children have a good health and keep out-of-door from illness. Conflict or Problem The conflict or problem in the story is to let out a wheels for their soap-box derby cars. An separate one is the strategy that they will use in the contest to beat the other contestants so that theywill win. Most Interesting Part of Story The most interesting part of story is when the accelerate was started. The distance betweeneach cars are too near .Ken is get-go while Jessica is third during the race . Todd southward during therace has a problem,one of his wheel rolled mutilate . Jessica slip by with Todds car . A few seconds posterior Jessica overtake with Kens car . At last Jessica won in the race. Summary One break of the day in class,the twins teacher ,Mrs. Otis ,made a special announcement . TheSweet Valley Elem. School has persistent to sponsor a soap-box derby . Its kind of race . Each person who enters builds his or her stimulate car . Soap-box cars dont have engines,though, so races arealways down pitcher . It was after school that day .The Wakefields were in the lumber store buyingwoods and other materials for their soap-box cars . After dinner Mr. Wakefields helped the twinsclear out a space in the service department and got out tools to start building. It was Sunday and the twins were still trying to find wheels for their cars . The twinsask their mom where can they find wheels . The next day after school,Mrs. Wakefield,the twins,andsteven went to junkyard . Elizabeth and Jessica found a wheels for their cars . After they boughtwheels,they hurry up to go home,to sum up wheels to the poles and put it into the soap-box cars.OneThursday morning ,Mrs. Otis announce the route for the derby . Its marked in ruby on this map of Secca Lake . Th at afternoon ,Mrs. wakefield and the twins loaded both cars into the van . They will go at Secca Lake for practice runs . Everyones taking turns on the hill. When it was her turn, Jessica was flying down the hill . Then suddenly fringe One side of her car fell off . Then the other side . Jessicas car was broken into many pieces. On Saturday morning,the day of big race . The cars are lined up . the first race was begun .Jessica came in sixth while Ken came in first . The final race was begun . Jessica got off to agreat start ,but Ken and Todd still were ahead of her . Then about half away down the hill ,one of the Todds wheels rolled off . Jessica steered around todds car and missed him by an inch . Asecond later Jessica and Ken were lined up . Seconds later Jessica zipped across the finished line infirst place. Moral Lesson Dont loose hope in a contest or race ,it is just only a challenge of God . Alwaysthink positive that you can beat all the contestants and you will be the winner .

Recycling and Plastic Bag Essay Example for Free

Recycling and Plastic Bag riseThey be also cheap, light, durable, easy to carry and in many eccentrics, free. The most commonly used obtain bag is made of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). This type is used in the majority of supermarkets and stores. subsequently these bags are used, they often end up in landfills or as litter, roughly only lead percent of pliant bags is actually recycled per year (Planet Ark, 2011). The materials used in making moldable bags make them non-biodegradable. concord to the science dictionary, 2011 refers to these materials cannot be decomposed into environmentally safe waste materials by the action of soil bacteria. These slanderous substances are cyanogenetic and take approximately four hundred years to break down, or in this case photo-degrade which is how charge plates made from (HDPE) break down. Since they are not biodegradable, they remain in the environment and are absorbed in soil or water (Indian Centre for Plastics in the Enviro nment, 2010).This essay will discuss the various harmful effects of plastic bags, and demonstrate the risks that these bags impose on adult male, animals and the environment. It will also discuss a serial of suggested solutions that could help reduce plastic bag usage. Although plastic bags appear to be fragile and light, their negative environmental effect is devastating. Plastic bags whitethorn cause large amounts of pollution in every step of their exceptional life cycle, from the extraction of raw materials, production, transportation, and recycling or disposal.Plastic bags can be defined as the most damaging form of environmental pollution. They can have a damaging effect on marine animals and wildlife in addition to the aesthetic effects on beaches, parks, and trees. Plastic bags are potentially unmatched of the main causes of death to marine animals (Harbor keepers,2008). Up to one hundred thousand marine animals or more(prenominal) die each year from eating plastic bags which are mistaken for food. This can result in blocking the animals intestines and possibly lead to the animals death.Another possible part is that wildlife, such as birds, can get tangled in plastic bags causing choking and immobility, which may eventually lead to death. (Senior, 2008) and (Citizen Campaign, 2010). In other situations, after plastic bags photo degrade they remain toxic and could be eaten by fish, shellfish or any other marine life and survive this allows the toxins to image our food chain through bioaccumulation (Puget Soundkeeper Alliance, 2011). As a solution to these types of problems is taking action by educating and change magnitude the publics awareness to the harmful affects that a plastic bag impose on our environment.Applying this would suppose to get consumers involved in reducing the number of plastic bags they consume and sooner of getting peeled bags they can simply reuse their old bags (Sea Turtles Conservancy,2011). Another important solution would be using bio degradable bags instead these types of bags take up a shorter time to degrade and become environmentally safe to both humans and animals. These types of bags are made from natural materials therefore they are digested if animals swallow them (Biodegradable Plastic Bags,2011). The harmful effects of plastic bags extend to affect human health and social lives.According to the US CPSC (Consumer Product Safety Commission, 2011) suffocation has been a significant of death among children under the age of one. According to a report presented in 2007 by Clean up Australia, when plastic bags are thrown in the streets they may block the drains and result in flooding during heavy rain. Stagnant water in blocked drains may create a facts of life ground for many forms of insects like mosquitoes, which can transmit dangerous diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and phrenitis (World Health Organisation, 2011).Reducing, reusing and recycling, in that order, could be the mo st viable option to decrease the social and health opposition of plastic bags. Reducing the number of plastic bags can be applied by imposing a fee such as PlasTax. In 2002 PlasTax was issued in The Republic of Ireland, which is a fee on plastic bags. This new tax resulted in a ninety four percent drop in plastic bag consumption in one year (Convery F, McDonnell S, Ferreira S, 2007). The next step is to reuse, instead of disposing of plastic bags consumers should be encouraged to keep reusing their bags.The final step is to recycle the plastic bags, many supermarkets such as Tesco and Sainsburys give the consumers the option to bring in their old bags for recycling. In conclusion, usages of plastic bags are very limit unlike their infinite damages. They are harmful to health, the environment and wildlife. The solutions to put an end to the problems associated with plastic bags are available, cooperation mingled with governments, shops and individuals is vital to take the necessar y actions by reducing, reusing and recycling plastic bags.

Explore Joe Gargerys role in Great Expectations Essay Example for Free

Explore Joe Gargerys role in striking Expectations EssayIn Great Expectations, Joe acts as a father figure to pip, when he is in fact his brother-in-law, as Joe married sprouts sister, Mrs Joe Gargery. We are introduced to Joe as a mild, good-natured, sweet-tempered, easy- sledding, foolish, dear fellow. bourgeon describes him as a kind and gentle man, reservation the reader immediately equal him. Good-natured and sweet-tempered evanesce Joe an endearing quality, so the reader is drawn to him. However, foolish introduces a potentially negative incline to his character, like he is stupid, although this too could be considered endearing. Perhaps Dickens does this so that we mess understand Joes actions better, or at least dont view him too negatively when he cant protect smudge from Mrs Joe. In contrast to his gentle personality, he is a blacksmith, and therefore a loyal man. Pip thinks of him like the steam-hammer, that can crush a man or pat an egg squash. He is lik ening Joe to a machine in the forge, giving Joe a sense of power. Although, crush is quite a violent word, suggesting Joe to be violent, which he definitely is not.Perhaps Dickens included this detail to gain us respect Joe, which is important for later on in the novel, so we dont incisively view him as a sweet-tempered man. But there is a sense of this good natured man in the word pat, it could potentially have paternal connotations. Perhaps this links to the image of the egg knock down as well, as it is a fragile guardian of life. Furthermore Joe could al most(prenominal) be seen as the protector of Pips life, as he saves him several times. Also egg shells can be strong, unless have weak sides if they are put under stress, just like Joe has a weak side he cant protect Joe from Mrs Joe Gargery.As well as this, there is the idea that Joe is in control, in the words can and or, he can choose which side of himself to be, strong or gentle. This is a very adult concept, scarcely Joe can sometimes be very childlike. Joe cant deal with the idea of death, despite being a strong blacksmith. When Pip asks Joe if Miss Havisham died, he in the end replies she aint living. This is a very backward modal value of saying it, a way we dont normally use, showing Joes childish innocence.He avoids the subject of death again, when Pip asks him if he had heard of Magwitchs death. Even though Joe never knew him personally, he avoids saying the words, instead he says he heard something or another in a general way in that steerage. The vagueness of this statement is almost humorous, he cant even just say yes. Joe is unable to establish a persons death, he just brushes over the subject, not fully acknowledging or perhaps understanding it, like a child would. Another way Dickens portrays this childishness is through making Joe illiterate.Pip writes him a letter, and all he can read is his name Why, heres threesome Js, and three Os, and three J-O, Joes, in it, Pip The excla mation mark at the end implies he is fire and proud that he has managed to read, and that he is wishinging Pip to recognise his achievement, like a child would want their father too. This childishness makes Joe a lovable character, the reader wants to see him do well. Perhaps it also makes Pips behaviour towards him seem worse, from the readers perspective, as Joe is such an innocent character.Whilst Joe may not have great knowledge or academic skills, he possesses something most of the other characters dont have, self-knowledge, he recognises he is illiterate and stupid. He tells Pip on two separate occasions that he is most abysmally dull. He is accepting of himself, he knows he is not the cleverest, in fact awful suggests that he thinks he is very stupid. Moreover, dull could imply many things, not only that he is stupid, but also that he isnt sharp. Perhaps this is a reference to him being a black smith, that he is like one of his hammers, only good for physically things, hes not sharp witted or clever.Dull could also intimate that he thinks he is ho-hum, perhaps why he struggles to talk to, or be in the presence of people in a higher class to himself, because he considers himself boring and unworthy. But this dullness does not stop him from being wise. Throughout the novel, Joe gives Pip many pieces of advice, for example if you cant get to be oncommon through going straight, youll never get to do it through going crooked. Joe, even though he is perhaps the most uneducated character (shown in the wording of the sentence) he can sometimes be the most wise and honourable. Because of this he acts as a cabalistic role model for Pip.Not only is he honourable and wise, he understands his place I am wrong out of the forge he tells Pip at their awkward reunion. Dickens suggests (through Joe) that people should plosive consonant in their class, and not aspire or try to move up he argues for social immobility. Joe tells Pip that if he ever came back to the f orge hed see Joe the blacksmith, there, at the elder anvil, in the old burnt apron, sticking to the old work. Joe labels himself the blacksmith implying that he believes it is all he is good at. The repetition of old makes him seem experienced, as he has been doing it a long time.There is also the idea that he clings or latches onto his work, in the word sticking, he fixes himself onto it so much that it has become how he defines himself. The fact that he feels himself wrong when not in the forge could be the reason why he cant talk to Miss Havisham Joe persisted in addressing me. It is like he cannot deal with the formality of he occasion, as he feels he doesnt belong there. Dickens humiliates Joe here, presenting him as a shy and awkward character, making the reader sympathise with him. This is another negative quality, helping to balance out the character of Joe.

Element of Drama Essay Example for Free

Element of gambling EssayAccordingly, elements of childs dictationtic play consist of literary, technical and performance elements. In Hamlet, it can be utter that the elements of drama for each category are quite obvious. The first element to consider is the cites. It can be said that most dramas composes of the major and minor characters and in line with Hamlet, The major characters involve Hamlet and Claudius and the minor include Marcellus which serves a specific purpose of informing the lead character of the appearance of the his fathers ghost. in that respect is also protagonist antagonist and in the case of Hamlet, the protagonist is Hamlet and the antagonist.Another type of character is the stereotype and the role of Hamlet also sees how such s stereotype has been modified. The theme of Hamlet is usually stated as the failures of the youth of poetic temperament to adjust with different situations which shoot action. The plot lies on the struggles of Hamlet and how she cope or not cope with the situation that challenges her. It can be said that Hamlet has been able to achieve artistic maturity through the opposing struggles of the people in the drama the moral integrity that it implies with the audiences.In terms of technical side, it can be said that drama plays have been able to produce a sense of hatred and revenge to the audience with how they perform the drama. For instance, the settings show a heavy feeling in the part of Hamlet because of the death of his father. The musical scores equal provide revengeful music as they try to make the people feel the tension among characters. The actors and actresses of the play has been very effective in making the audience feels the wrath of Hamlet because of what happened to his father (Bradley, 51).It can be said that Hamlet was written with poetic diction that uses eloquent words as well as phrases and the performance have shown in their actions how this drama has been able to create and kee p tensions and suspense throughout the play. all in all in all, it can be said that this drama has been able to use different elements integrated to ground a tragedy.ReferenceBradley, A. C. Shakespearean Tragedy Lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear Macbeth. New York Penguin, 1991.

An Unforgettable Experience Essay Example for Free

An Unforgettable Experience EssayThough there was an atmosphere of pleasure yet it was tinged with an air of melancholy and pitifulness. My class-mates and I were in their best dresses. This was the first time in I he span of twelve years that I was not wearing school uniform. We both intermeshed our seats and the function started. First of all, there was a ceremony of lighting the lamp which was inaugurated by the Principal of our school. and so the students of 12th class lighted their candles from the big lamp. It was followed by the students of 11th class that was hosting the party in our honour. after(prenominal) this ceremony, programmes of entertainment were put up for our amusement and recreation by the hosting party. at that place were the items of balloon-breaking with a foot, buns-eating hanging spate a sting, musical chair and such other allied things. Some of them sang folk songs and danced a rig.After that the stage was left to us to present our items. While our programmes were going on, dainty dishes containing potato chips, pastry, samosa and rasgullas were served to all those who were present. Along with these delicacies, coffee was also served. Some of the students had torn themselves away from the assembly to collect autographs of their beloved teachers. There were speeches in English and Hindi delivered by the Principal and teachers. They all advised us not to do any such deed as to lower the prestige of the school. They told us that we should never forget our ammeter and her ideals.In the end, we were all wished a brilliant success not only in the forthcoming examination still in life also. Then we had a photograph spree. There were class-wise photographs with their class teachers and the-Principal and also individual photographs. This move till it was -the time for the school to break. And by and by all went back home with a sad heart caused by departure but with new hopes to enter a wider demesne of new challenges of life.

Managing Business Problems Essay Example for Free

Managing Business Problems EssayWhat argon the causes of poor productivity at heart large organizations and how can we look at trying to improve this?Productivity is the degree of sidetrack obtaind in relation to a certain level of input. For slip, in a knell sum total environment, productivity would be fooln as the progeny of telephone confabs answered per hour by a certain rate of provide. The telephone beseechs be the output and the ply available to bewilder the bands are the input.In order to improve productivity, one of the hobby has to occur The level of input is come d give birthd however the level of output remains the same, or, the level of output increases but the level of input remains the same. In relation to the example of the call boil down, this would mean reducing the number of staff available to answer the phone but yet the remaining staff would quiesce exhaust to answer the same number of calls, i.e. they would have to answer to a greate r extent calls each to compensate for the decrease in staff. Or the other way to increase productivity in a call shopping mall would be to keep the same number to staff available to take client calls but the number of calls being answered in total would have to increase.Productivity is a major issue within every organisation but especially call centres. Call centres do try to forecast the number of calls they postulate every solar day and allocate resources accordingly to deal with these pressures, however there are still thousands of calls abandoned (where the customer hangs up before even getting through to an advisor) each and every day, this is most clippings referred to as call leakage. This is a growing problem for call centres across the country and it is surprising the amount of customers who leave take their business elsewhere simply because they cant get through on the phone as they see it as poor customer service.In many cases it isnt feasible for staff numbers to be change magnitude in order to cope with the call volumes that are being received and so the only theme to reducing the call leakage is to increase the productivity of the existing staff. Working in a call centre environment myself I appreciate that this is a very challenging task as call centre agents commandly feel overworked and underpaid already and trying to get more work out of them volition be difficult. However my research into call centre life has thrown and twisted up some issues adjoin the task of increasing staff completeance in order for your business to work smarter. My research examines the orifice of reward systems as a means of increasing productivity, how call centre staff view their own habits and changes they would like to see in order to help them perform betterDuring my research I searched the Emerald website to celebrate relevant journal articles to assist my studies. I came across an interesting one called An exploration of coachial issues in call ce ntres by Colin Armistead, Julia Kiely, Linda Hole and Jean Prescott. This paper consisted of ii case studies carried out in two large organisations these impart be known as geek excogitate A and Case Study B. I form this article useful as it explores wherefore people work in call centres, how they feel about their jobs and this research is spread over all levels from call centre agent to general manager. Case Study A provides a good background to call centre life and will aid sympathiseing of what it is like to work in a call centre environment.In Case Study A, a total of fourteen staff members of all levels were interviewed, interviews lasted one hour and were all tape and transcribed. The interviews explored the initial decision to work for a call centre, the expectations they had before they started and the extent to which their jobs had lived up to those expectations. The authors also examined connection statistics they found evidence of high turnover in staff who had b een employed for a few months hence reducing to comparatively low turnover afterward they had been employed for more than six months.I found the findings from Case Study A to be very surprising having worked in a call centre myself and not having had very many demonstrable experiences during my cartridge holder there. The overall impression from those interviewed was that they felt very positive about their workplace. There were inevitable differences in how variant levels of employees viewed certain issued but there were more similarities than differences. I was provoke to see how employees had spoke about productivity and performance targets. It became apparent that performance targets were related to the number of calls answered, the measure in which it took to answer the calls and also the levels of call leakage.It is very easy to monitor call centre agents against an array of time-related measures and staff felt under a treat of pressure at times callable to this. I ca n relate to this, as this is exactly how I felt working as a call centre agent. One manager interviewed in Case Study A stated that the more or less important thing in managing call centre staff was demand, motivation, motivation, yet the manager in hesitancy admitted he had little idea of how to travel staff. I do agree that motivating staff to perform well is an issue and I appreciate that highly motivated staff will be more productive but I also think that if staff working in call centres had a better understanding of the bigger picture and knew how their actions impacted upon the business as a whole they may change their attitudes and automatically perform better and more efficiently.This is honourable my opinion from my experience of working in a British Gas call centre for almost threesome years I have been privileged enough to have been given an insight into the deeper realms of the business, something which frontline staff rarely come into contact with and I do feel t his would be of benefit to them. As it stand now, staff are being thrown tough performance targets by management and expected to meet them without question, they have no understanding of why the business needs them to perform at a particular level and what the consequences will be if they dont.I believe business awareness to be a vital part of representing a federation to the earthly concern and the company I work for do house a business awareness course, however this is e-learning ground and has to be completed in your own time. Needless to say, there are not many staff who take advantage of this opportunity to understand the business they work for due to the preceding(prenominal) conditions and a lot of staff are probably unaware that the facility even exists. If British Gas were to allow the time for staff to complete this course during working hours or even to be paid overtime for the time they spend on it outside their scheduled hours, they would have a massive response an d although this would be time consuming and possibly quite costly, I believe that the positive effects on how employees work would preponderate the costs.Productivity is very poor in the call centre I work in after reading relevant sections in a book called Remuneration Policy by Patrick McCauley I am under the impression that a prosperous reward system can help to improve productivity. McCauley defines motivation simply as goal directed behaviour and he makes it clear that employees will only be motivated to increase their performance by goals that are actually of interest to them, for example if a manager said to his team one day that the person with the highest productivity that day would be rewarded with a family fine to the local pantomime then you would get Sandra, the mother with 2.4 children, husband and nice semi-detached house working her socks off, however, Matt, Gary and Emma, the three students on the team and Harold the grandad of the team who is six months off reti rement would not be interested in the slightest by the managers offer of reward.McCauley states that the three key questions we need to consider when devising a successful reward system are* What goals will employees actually pursue?* What factors will determine their success or failure in achieving these goals?* What will be the consequences of achievement or frustration for the employee and the organisation?As I have already mentioned, it is important to offer rewards that are of interest to the staff and that will actually motivate them to perform better and drive them towards goals which involve meeting productivity and performance targets on the way. It is important to offer generic rewards that are appealable to all or a choice of a few different rewards in order to cater for all the different ages, cultures etc. I have dome some research in to reward systems whilst working on a service excellence team in the British Gas call centre and the rewards that were constantly being r equested by staff were things such as an extra days annual leave, high street vouchers, deputising for a higher level role for half a day as a development opportunity etc.These were things that the frontline staff were corpulent management would motivate them to work harder and to a higher standard, however management declined these requests as they saw them as too ambitious and they were especially against the extra holiday which unfortunately was the most popular suggestion. It was a degrade these suggestions were declined as staff then felt that they were being ignored which in turn lowered morale and saw a drop in productivity for a short while, it would probably have been cheaper for the company to have allowed a small number of desired rewards which would have increased productivity for while and sure enough wouldnt have reduced it.Staff are already aware of what their targets are on a day to day basis and we need to remember that there will be a percentage of staff who do consistently meet these targets, therefore when fixting criteria for a reward system we have to set it higher than daily performance targets to show that staff are being recognised for going above and beyond the call of duty and not just being coaxed into doing what is already expected of them. Staff will have to meet daily performance and productivity targets and then some before they can achieve a reward.If an employee successfully achieves a reward for their performance then not only will their productivity have had to increase to achieve the reward in the first place but as that desired behaviour has now been rewarded, the employee will be conditioned into repeating it in order to gain get ahead rewards.If an employee either attempts and fails to reach the goal essential to achieve a reward or doesnt make the swither and sees his colleagues around him being rewarded for their increased effort and performance it will have one of the two chase effects upon him* He will bec ome de-motivated as he is feeling left out or a failure as his efforts are not being recognised because he fails to reach the ask standard and his performance will drop further.* He will become determined to work to the needful level to achieve a reward to prove to himself and his managers that he too can perform well.If the last mentioned of the consequences occurs then the reward systems is still being effective in all areas as even failures are being motivated to continue to strive for the reward on offer. However if the company begins to see individuals experiencing a drop in motivation and performance they may need to consider addressing this with a reward for example for the most improved productivity each month, therefore even those whose efforts dont bring them above the required productivity level for a standard reward have a chance of recognition for their efforts alone.McCauley examines Vrooms expectancy surmise and this supports the issues raised above. Vroom does st ate though that the criteria that needs to be met in order to achieve a reward has to be very clear cut and communicated thoroughly to all levels of staff so as to avoid woolly areas where decisions to reward or not may be disputed.Throughout my research I have identified underlying issues surrounding the productivity of call centre staff and how to improve this by encouraging motivation amongst staff and providing them with personal goals that at the same time guide them towards achieving the productivity levels required by the business. I have come to the conclusion that productivity can only really be successfully increased in the long term by providing something for the individual to work towards, not just setting targets and expecting them to be met. I also think that increased business awareness amongst frontline staff would be beneficial to any call centre so then at least they know and understand why there are certain pressures placed upon them and they may be more welcoming to the altercate of attaining higher targets.BibliographyAn exploration of managerial issues in call centres. (Journal Article)Colin Armistead, Julia Kiely, Linda Hole Jean Prescott.Remuneration Policy

Gran Torino Review Film Studies Essay

naan Torino come off Film Studies Essay grandmother Torino, directed by Clint Eastwood, is a very moving and captivating drama. Its a simple twaddle about tolerance and cultural differences, but also wholeness of hope, self-sacrifice, and unlikely friendships. A former auto processer at Ford, Walt Kowalski has just had to put his longtime wife to rest when the story opens. From his scowl, it looks as if he would like to join her. Instead he sits on his front porch chugging can after(prenominal) can of cheap beer in the company of his yellow Labrador, Daisy, while watching the world at a safe distance with a squint and a stream of bitter commentary. The remaining members of his family, including two sons with vainglorious houses, big cars, big waistlines, have no choice but to let him stew alone.Gran Torino tackles racial discrimination head on. Although the main character Walt Kowalski, played by Clint Eastwood, is prejudiced against almost everyone, the assume focuses on an Asiatic neighborhood, uncovering racism and violence. The neighborhood has gone down hill since it has become immigrant-dominated. The house next introductionway is forthwith owned by a Hmong family, a widespread South-east Asian minority, and Walt does not stretch out to distinguish them from the Koreans he fought in the 1950s. Throughout the film, we learn Walt had to kill many Koreans as part as his duty as a s emeritusier during that period of time. The film takes a twist when the bitter old war veterans conduct takes an unexpected turn after Thao, a shy, teenage boy who lives next door to Walt is bullied by his thuggish cousin and no-good buddies into joining their gang. His initiation test is to bust into Walts garage and steal his reckon 1972 Gran Torino. Sure enough, Thao does as the others ask. While trying to steal the Gran Torino Thao triggers Walts halogen security lights and Walt comes out plycourse with an assault rifle. Little do Walt and Thao know, their me eting will change both their lives forever. Thaos family, led by his mouthy, cozy sister, Sue forces the teenager to do pay his dues from trying to steal Walts car by working for Walt, an scheme that pleases neither the Walt nor the Thao. As the story unfolds and the gang members blow over and Walt reaches for his gun, the film moves from comedy into drama, and then tragedy into something altogether unexpected.The film takes a hard look at a Hmong community and the gang life indoors as it twists tough situations until its truly exposed, finding a few laughs at the core. Gran Torino portrayals real life drama while injecting it with some necessary comedy, which gives it a bit of a balance and keeps viewers as yet more entertained. The way the comedy weaves effortlessly in and out of the gritty Clint Eastwood film authorises it an even give away film for most to enjoy.Clint Eastwood has a great and useful skill of creating terrific drama films with a message, Gran Torino is on e of those films. Like many of Eastwoods other films, he plays a role that involves a stereotypical toughness. This film can be seen as a interpretation on many issues encompassing gangs, racism, the disrespect of the youth culture towards their elders, and forgiveness. To me, all of these issues tend to come to mind when reminiscing about the film. I truly believe these atomic number 18 what the film is really about and what it was meant to be about. Throughout the film, it is mind blowing to see many of the characters change for the snap off throughout the film, especially Walt. This is yet another great film from Clint Eastwood, and its a film that addressees important issues that banking concern be ignored. Although, some may say that Gran Torino may not be the greatest work by Clint Eastwood, I believe the film did a splendid job in terms of unravel issues. Gran Torino is a good example of a film that takes an unbiased look at race issues. This is a well made film, and its not just giving you straight advice like most films dealings with similar subject matter.Melancholy is imprinted in every long shot of Detroits devastated, emptied streets and in the faces of those who remain to close up walk in them. Made in the 1960s and 1970s, the Gran Torino was never a great emblem of American automotive might, which makes Walts love for the car more moving and emotional. It was made by an industry that now barely makes cars, in a city that hardly works, in a country that too a lot has felt recently as if it cant do anything right anymore except, every so often, make a movie like this one.The drama, Gran Torino provides a surprisingly enlightened view at sense cultural diversity within a rapidly evolving American neighborhood. The movie interjects the need for communication, understanding, and a return to middle class values in a youth oriented culture. Gran Torino expresses an issue that has been one of conflict in our society today racism. Walt Kowalski s attitude towards minorities seems very prejudice and close-minded. I believe Gran Torino is about two things. It is about the late blossoming of a mans better nature, and it is about Americans of different races festering more open to one another in the new century. I would recommend this movie to anyone who enjoys a drama/action film, and doesnt mind some foul language to go along with it. I deem to some people this film can be a eye and mind opening experience. I believe it is important for people to see both sides of such a controversial issue, and that change is belike necessary in one way or another for understanding, respect, and peace to surface

The delft network in the netherlands

The delft ne twainrk in the netherlands1 About the Delft internetDelft is a metropolis located in the Netherlands, having a population of 96168. It is spread over an ara of 24 sq.km. (Wikipedia 2009a). The Delft University of Technology is the largest proficient university in the Netherlands, with over 15,000 students (Wikipedia 2009b). Due to the signifi stinkert student population, cycling is an important system of transport.Delft is bound by freeways on all berths, except the southern, which is delimited by a highway. The hierarchy of roads in Delft is freeways, highways, first-string(prenominal) roads, and local roads. The racecourseway line cuts across the city, running in the north-south direction from the centre of the city. A master(prenominal) road and a highway are the principal(prenominal) linkages between the two freeways on the either side of the line line.2 Transport Problem in DelftThe railway line passing through Delft is a comp integritynt of 1 of the pri ncipal railway connections in the Netherlands, connecting Rotterdam and The Hague. The existing 2-track railway line is insufficient, and it has been planned to be upgraded to a 4-track line. However, due to lack of station to build another viaduct, and environmental problems cause by the railway line, it has been proposed to restore the railway line in a tunnel. 2020 is envisaged to be a typical year while the verbal expression is in operation. Thus, link ups 10486, 9873, and 9827 testament be obturate for all handicraft. Due to the detours which would result due to the blocked links, cyclists and elevator cars would grant to deal with increased travel quantifys. It is anticipated that Mercuriusweg/Abtwoudse Pad or the Ruys de Berenbrouckstraat links would be used in lieu of the blocked links (Chen 2009).3 Description of flow rate scenario and Alternate Scenarios3.1 Description of the Current Situation 2003 regularises 1-7 are the extraneous partitions, whereas the res t of the regularizes are considered as the internal zones. The internal zones are the primary areas of concern. It has as well as been given over that in 2003, zones 23, 24, and 25 are still under development and there is no travel demand from and to these zones (Chen 2009).3.2 Description of the Zero-Alternative Situation 2020By 2020, zones 24 and 25 will maintain been wholly developed. However, partition 23 would still not induce been developed. Infrastructure has been upgraded accordingly to connect zones 24 and 25 with the rest of the city. Zone 12 dust the highest unhorse generating and trip attracting internal zone, as does Zone 1 amongst the external zones.3.3 Description of Future Situation during Construction 2020Considering the future scenario for the city of Delft in 2020 during the expansion of the rail line from 2-track to 4-track, it shall be assumed that this project will be in progress and 2020 will be a typical year. It has been given that during the expan sion, connect 10486, 9873, and 9827 will be blocked (Chen 2009). The trip generation remains the same as for the zero-alternate scenario for 2020.4 Modelling for Current Situation 20034.1 trip up GenerationFor performing the trip generation mouldling incline, the Zonal-based Multiple Regression model has been employed. It takes into account the linear relationships of the socio-economic characteristics of the households in the zones, which affects the trips produced and attracted for each zone (Ortzar and Willumsen 1999).The following functions have been used for the trip generating model in the case of internal zonesPi = 0.3RESIDENTSi + 0.06JOBSi + 0.03RESEARCHi + 0.03EDUCATIONiAi = 0.05RESIDENTSi + 0.75JOBSi + 0.3RESEARCHi + 0.3EDUCATIONiWherePi = production of zone i,Ai = attraction of zone i,RESIDENTSi = frame of residents in zone i,JOBSi = do of jobs in zone i,RESEARCHi = research facility space in zone i,EDUCATIONi = amount of educational serve offered in zone i.Source Chen 2009For the case of external zones, the heels of trips generated and attracted have been assessed based on the dealings volume counts. These are as indicated in Appendix 1.For the internal zones, it screw be seen that the inconstant of the number of residents living in each zone is the most dominant one affecting the number of trips produced. The variables which are most dominant for trip attraction are number of jobs, and the research facility space in that particular zone respectively.Appendix 2 indicates the trip generation for 2003, including both the internal as considerably as the external zones.2003 histogram.JPGFigure 4-1 Productions and Attractions for the Current Scenario 2003It go off be seen from the Appendix 2 and figure 4-1, Zone 12 is the largest trip generator and attracting external zone. Zone 1 is the highest trip generating and attracting internal zone.4.2 hinge on dissemination and Modal SplitThe Gravity Model has been employed to generate the trip di stribution model. This model is a type of Synthetic Model as it estimates trips for each cell in the matrix without outright employ the ascertained trip pattern (Ortzar and Willumsen 1999 p.159). There are three variants for the Gravity Model function, namelyexponential function make f(cij) = exp (-cij)Power Function f(cij) = cij-nCombined Function cnij exp(-cij)Singly constrained versions, in this case destination-constrained, can be produced by making Ai equal to 1, i.e.Ai = 1 and Bj= 1/?iDif(cij)The Combined Function variation of the Gravity Model is the most superior one, as it is the best fit with the actual observed values for trip length distributions of cars (Ortzar and Willumsen 1999). OmniTRANS performs simultaneous modal split, for which the gravity model can be protracted to the simultaneous gravity model which is given byTijv=p.Qi.Xj.Fv(zijv)WhereTijv= Number of trips from zone I to j via mode vp= Scaling factorXj= Column Balancing FactorFv(zijv)= Distribution funct ion taking into account the willingness to travel by mode v given impedance zAppendix 4 indicates the traffic distribution of cars in Delft. 44566 cars have been distributed. As can be seen in Appendix 5, 8635 cyclists have been distributed the entire network of Delft.The modal split indicates that 83.77 per centum of the traffic is constituted by cars and 16.23 part by motorcycles.The trip length distribution function for cars can be seen in figure 4-2. This indicates the willingness to travel to a certain hold without any impendence, such as congestion. Hence, in this case the level best uncongested remoteness travelled is 10 km. Similarly, figure 4-3 indicates the trip length distribution for oscillations, which experiences its peak at 3 km.The trip time distributions for cars and bicycles have been indicated in Figure 4-4 and Figure 4-5 respectively. These functions, too, follow a similar pattern as that of the actuate Length Distribution. In the case of cars and bicycl es, both, the peak is of 12 minutes.The call back trip distance for bicycles is 3.14 km and the mean(a) trip time is 14.22 minutes. Similarly, for cars, the mean distance is 7.59 km and time is 11.12 minutes.Intra-zonal car trips constitute only intimately 0.57 pct of the total number of trips made by cars, and those made by bicycles constitute roughly 16.55 percent of the total number of bicycle trips.4.3 art assignment4.3.1.1 Assignment for CarsThe General Equilibrium technique of traffic assignment has been used for cars. The condition as given by Wardrop is that Under equilibrium conditions, traffic arranges itself in congested networks in such a way that no individual trip maker can reduce his path cost by switching routes (Ortzar and Willumsen 1999 p.303). Under this traffic assignment model, costs are all perceived in the same way by the trip makers, and hence random effects are not considered.The following links have the largest traffic flow (for a single direction) of more or less 7064 cars assigned 10972, 10973, 11289, 11427, 11428, and 11477. Figure 4-6 represents the traffic assignment for cars in 2003. The colours of the bands, in the graph, indicate the V/C Ratio and the width indicates the traffic load. It reflects that the main road, the east and west freeways crossing the railway are twinge from V/C ratios greater than 1, which requires attention.4.3.1.2 Assignment for BicyclesThe Stochastic Method has been employed for the traffic assignment model for bicycles. This method is superior to the All-Or-Nothing Method, as it takes into account the diversity in the road users perceptions of distance, travel time, generalised costs and thus considers alternate routes to the best-route choice, given by the All-Or-Nothing technique. This is a suitable model for the traffic assignment of bicycles as this technique does not take into account the congestion effects, which is not calculable since capacities for bicycles are not specified.Link 10 850 has been assigned the maximum number of bicycle trips for a single direction, which is 941 trips. Figure 4-7 represents the assignment of bicycles in 2003. or so of the trips are confined to the internal zones.5 Modelling for Future Situation 2020The modelling stages for the future scenarios of 2020 will remain the same till the trade Assignment Stage, which would differ based on the blocked links for the future construction scenario of 2020.5.1 Trip GenerationThe Zonal-based Multiple Regression model has been employed. The functions are the same as those for 2003. However, forecasts for the number of residents, jobs, and the research facility space and education building space in 2020 are disparate from the current year. Also, it has been given that the productions and attractions generated by the external zones is to be assumed to grow by 15 percent from 2020 to 2003 (Chen 2009).The above figure 5-1 illustrates that Zone 1 still remains the highest trip production and attra ction external zone and Zone 12 continues to remain the highest trip producing and attracting internal zone. The same is reflected through Appendix 3.5.2 Trip Distribution and Modal SplitThe Gravity Model has been employed for the trip distribution. A total of close 54380 cars have been distributed, and about 10413 bicycles. The modal split for 2020 demonstrates that about 83.5 percent of the trips would be by cars, and the remaining 16.5 percent by bicycles. For cars, the intra-zonal trips constitute about 0.54 percent, whereas for the bicycles, intra-zonal trips constitute about 15.71 percent of the trips.Trip length distribution function (indicated in Figure 5-2 and 5-3) and the trip time distribution functions (indicated in Figure 5-4 and 5-5) have been generated. The maximum uncongested distance remains the same for both cars and bicycles, as in 2003, as also the maximum uncongested time in the case for cars. For bicycles, the maximum time has reduced to 8 minutes.The mean tri p distance for bicycles is 3.26 km and the mean time is 14.75 minutes. Similarly, for cars, the mean distance is 7.56 km and time is 11 minutes.5.3 Traffic Assignment for Zero-Alternative Situation5.3.1 Traffic Assignment for CarsThe General Equilibrium model has been employed. The following links have the maximum numbers of cars assigned, i.e. about 8346 cars, to them for one direction Links 10972, 10973, 11289, 11427, 11428, 11477, and 11478. Figure 5-6 represents the assignment for cars. The colours of the bands, in the graph, indicate the V/C Ratio and the width indicates the load of traffic. The freeways continue to have high V/C ratios, as well as the main roads crossing the railway.5.3.2 Traffic Assignment for BicyclesFor the traffic assignment modelling for bicycles, the Stochastic Method has been used again. Link 10850 has been assigned the maximum number of bicycle trips (114 trips). Figure 5-7 represents the bicycle assignment.5.4 Traffic Assignment for Future Constructio n SituationIn the future situation during construction, the decision to upgrade the railways from two tracks to four tracks has been made. This would result in the closing of Links 9827, 9873, and 10486.5.4.1 Traffic Assignment for CarsIt has been calculated that links 11283, 11407, 11463, and 11464 have the maximum load, of 10723 cars in one direction. Figure 5-8 represents the car assignment considering future construction. The cross-railway link south of zone 17 experiences a greater load, whereby there is a reduction in the northern cross-link.5.4.2 Traffic Assignment for BicyclesThe Stochastic model employed for assigning the bicycle traffic that Link 10452 the maximum load, in one direction, of 1446.54 bicycles. Figure 5-9 represents the assignment for bicycles.6 Analysis6.1 Trip GenerationAmongst the internal zones, which are of primary concern, Zone 12 is the zone which remains the highest trip producing and attracting zone. This is supported by the fact that Zone 12 has the highest number of residents living in it, and the maximum number of jobs existing in this zone. This zone is located at the watch of the city, adjacent to the railway line and the main road connecting the two freeways. All the internal zones have see a growth rate for the number of trips generated and produced by about 11 percent.Zone 1 also remains the highest trip producing and attracting external zone. This whitethorn be accounted by the fact that Zone 1 is directly connected to Delft by the railway line, and thus could perhaps be an important junction or location.6.2 Trip Distribution and Modal SplitThe trip distribution can be reflected through the study of the matrices given in Appendix 4 to 7. For 2003, the maximum number of car trips has been of the nature Internal-to-External, with the most dominant one organism from Zone 15 to Zone 1. This has not changed for 2020. For 2003 and 2020, the most dominant character of bicycle trips is Internal-to-Internal, with maximum trip s being made within Zone 12. This is as should be expected, since long distance travel by bicycles is not likely to be made except in rare circumstances. The maximum number of bicycle trips may also be attributed to the fact that Zone 12 is the Delft City Centre. The maximum growth (4.8 times) for car trips has been seen for the pair Zone 7-Zone 1, and the maximum for bicycles (0.15 times) has been for the pair Zone 5-Zone 12.On studying the zone-to-zone average travel distance and time, it can be seen from Appendix 8 and 9 that the maximum increase for trip distance has been from zone 7 to 15 (46.86 percent) and maximum increase in time has been for the pair zone 18 to 22 (48.67 percent). The maximum increase (48.78 percent) in cost has been experient for zone 11 to 22.The modal split indicates a marginal change from 2003 to 2005, whereby there is a step-down from approximately 83.77 to 83.5 percent for cars. Intra-zonal trips made in 2020 have experienced a fall from 2003. This may indicate greater travel distances and time, and thus greater reason costs in the future.6.3 Traffic AssignmentOn comparing the figures indicating the traffic assignments for the three scenarios, it can be seen that the maximum car trips load remains on the freeways defining Delft on the eastern and western sides. The main difference can be seen between the zero-alternative and construction situation for 2020.Due to the blocked links, car traffic has been assigned to the links 1164, 11645, and westernvest-Hooikade particularly have experienced a significant increase, whereas the Westlandseweg links have experienced a decrease in the load of trips. Also, as was expected, there was an increased use of the Ruys-de-Berenbrouckstraat, and Abtwoudse links. However, the Mercuriusweg saw a decrease in the traffic load as compared to the zero-alternative scenario, which goes against as was anticipated. In the case of assigned bicycle trips, due to the blocked links, the Hof-van-Delftlaa n link has seen a substantial increase in the traffic load.The share of the railway crossing traffic has been seen to change for all the three scenarios. This has been indicated in figure 6-1. There is a decrease in the share from 2003 to the Zero-Alternative scenario. However, comparing the future construction scenario with the Zero-Alternative, there has been an increase in the share, for both cars and bicycles.7 ConclusionsZones 1 and 12 being of prime importance, also supported by their connectivity will continue to get over as the zones attracting and generating the maximum traffic. Since maximum bicycle traffic load is concentrated in Zone 12, measures may be taken to restrict the entry of cars in this area so as to ensure a more safe environment, which would even benefit the households, as the maximum percentage are located in this zone. Increased generalised costs must be taken into account, based on the above analysis. Links which are experiencing greater traffic loads due to construction works have been identified, and relief measures for these should be planned, particularly for the freeways on the eastern and western side of the city.8 Strengths and Weaknesses of OmniTRANSThe strength of OmniTRANS is that it helps in the rapid and hi-fi transport modeling procedures. Also, the data can be very easily examined on the transport network map, rather than just being confined to tables and numbers, which makes analysis tedious. Also, a number of variables can be studied, which can be further sorted out based on the direction for any particular link.The weaknesses could be cited as only being able to employ the use of the Simultaneous Gravity Model being available for trip distribution stage. Also, only limited types of traffic assignment models can be performed (such as Stochastic, All-or-Nothing, and Equilibrium). Public transport modelling is also not performed by the software (OmniTRANS 2009).ReferencesCHEN, H. 2009. Handout Coursework Description, lecture notes distributed in TRAN5020 Principles of Transport Modelling. University of Leeds, 3 November 2009.OMNITRANS. 2009. Whats New in OT5 online. Accessed on 1st December 2009. Available from http//www.omnitrans-international.com/resources/brochures/whats%20new%202008.pdf.ORTZAR, J. WILLUMSEN, L.G. 1999. Modelling Transport. West Sussex Wiley.WIKIPEDIA. 2009a. Delft online. Accessed on 10 November 2009. Available from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delft.WIKIPEDIA. 2009b. Delft University of Technology online. Accessed on 10 November 2009. Available from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delft_University_of_Technology.